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1.
Psychol. av. discip ; 11(1): 57-70, ene.-jun. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-895986

ABSTRACT

Resumen El objetivo general del estudio es comparar la información aportada por padres, profesores y cuidadores sobre el comportamiento problemático y los problemas emocionales de preadolescentes y adolescentes venezolanos institucionalizados y que viven con sus familias, cuyas edades están comprendidas entre 11 y 16 años. La muestra estuvo constituida por 111 participantes institucionalizados en asociaciones civiles y entidades de protección del Estado, y 111 preadolescentes y adolescentes que conformaron la muestra control y pertenecían a colegios públicos, privados o subsidiados. Se valoraron los síntomas emocionales, el déficit de atención e hiperactividad, problemas con los compañeros, problemas de conducta y comportamiento prosocial. Los comportamientos problemáticos y los problemas emocionales fueron medidos a través del Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ), con la información proveniente de padres/cuidadores y profesores, y los problemas de atención fueron evaluados a través de la Escala para la evaluación del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (EDAH) con la información de los profesores. Las conclusiones del estudio permiten afirmar que los participantes que viven en las instituciones presentan mayor nivel de problemas de comportamiento, problemas emocionales y de atención que los preadolescentes y adolescentes que conviven con sus familias de acuerdo a los informes de los padres, profesores y cuidadores.


Abstract The general objective of the study is to compare the information provided by parents, teachers and caregivers about pre-adolescents and Venezuelan adolescents institutionalized and living with their families, whose ages are between 11 and 16 years old. The sample was constituted by 111 participants institutionalized in civil associations and state protection entities, and 111 preadolescents and adolescents who conformed the control sample and belonged to public, private or subsidized schools. Emotional symptoms, attention deficit and hyperactivity, problems with peers, behavior problems and prosocial behavior were assessed. Problematic behaviors and emotional problems were measured through the Capacities and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), with information from parents / caregivers and teachers, and care problems were assessed through the Scale for the Evaluation of Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (EDAH) with information from teachers. The conclusions of the study allow us to affirm that the participants living in the institutions present a higher level of behavior problems, emotional problems and attention than the preadolescents and adolescents who live with their families according to the reports of parents, teachers and caregivers.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Child , Adolescent , Affective Symptoms , Problem Behavior , Association , Attention/classification , User Embracement , Altruism , Research Report , Applied Behavior Analysis/methods
2.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 13(1): 67-71, jan.-abr. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-554419

ABSTRACT

As bases biológicas da função psíquica atenção despertam o interesse de muitos estudiosos. O neuropsicólogo Alexandre Luria é um dos pioneiros a descrever tal processo. Luria teorizou, em 1981, que as estruturas cerebrais envolvidas no processo de atenção seriam a formação reticular, a parte superior do tronco encefálico, o córtex límbico e a região frontal. O presente trabalho fez uma revisão das pesquisas desenvolvidas recentemente nesse campo da neurobiologia, e averiguou que elas confirmam e refinam as proposições feitas há quase três décadas por este autor.


The bases of the psychic function of attention have always been of great concern to such as Alexander Luria, one of the pioneer scientists to study such process. In 1981, Luria stated that the reticular formation, the upper section of the brain stem, the limbic cortex and the frontal region are the brain structures involved in the attention process. This research analyzes the results of contemporary theories in research on the biological basis of attention and verifies what they confirm the statements made almost 30 years ago.


Subject(s)
Humans , Attention/classification , Attention/physiology , Neuroanatomy , Reticular Formation
3.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 13(4): 272-275, out.-dez. 2003.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-589814

ABSTRACT

A atenção é a capacidade de focalizar a atividade psíquica sobre um ou alguns dos vários estímulos que estão presentes em um determinado local. São recrutadas simultaneamente áreas límbicas, corticais e reticulares do encéfalo. Pode ser dividida em atenção espontânea ou vigilância e atenção voluntária ou tenacidade. A vigilância é suscitada pelo interesse momentâneo ou incidental que desperta este ou aquele som, ato, fato, pensamento, sentimento, que tenha importância por si mesmo ou que ameace o indivíduo. Já a tenacidade exprime a concentração ativa e intencional, dependendo da vontade: dirigida a um determinado objeto. Distúrbios de atenção se instalam quando há alterações numa destas duas variáveis ou quando há alteração do processo atentivo com um todo. As alterações da atenção - aumento, diminuição ou ausência de atenção - devem ser reavaliadas continuadamente ao longo de toda a anamnese.


Attention is the capacity of focusing the psychic activity on a specific stimulus or on some stimuli among the various that are present in certain environments. Limbic, cor- tical and reticular areas of the brain are recruited simultaneously. Attention can be divided into spontaneous attention or vigilance and voluntary attention or tenacity. Vigilance is elicited by the momentary or incidental interest triggered by a sound, an act, a thought or a feeling, important or the atening to the subject. Tenacity expresses active and intentional concentration targeted to a particular object, depending on will. Disorders of attention arise from changes in one of these two variables or when the whole attentive process is altered. Attention changes - increase, reduction or absence of attention - should be evaluated continuously throughout the entire interview process.


Subject(s)
Humans , Attention/classification , Conscience , Medical History Taking , Neuropsychology
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